|
|
| Chlorine | |
| Electron Configuration | 2,8,7 |
| Electron Configuration | [Ne] 3s2 3p5 |
| Ground state | 2P°3/2 |
| Atomic Volume | 22.7 g/cm3 |
| Electronegativity | 3.16 |
| Magnetic ordering | Non-magnetic |
| Mass magnetic susceptibility | -7.2 x 10-9 |
| Molar magnetic susceptibility | -2.55 x 10-10 |
| Speed of sound | 206 m s-1 |
 Thermal Properties |
|
| Enthalpy of Atomization | 121.8 kJ mol-1 @25°C |
| Enthalpy of Fusion | 6.41 kJ mol-1 |
| Enthalpy of Vaporisation | 20.403 kJ mol-1 |
| Heat Capacity | (Cl2) 33.949 J mol-1 K-1 |
| Thermal Conductivity | 8.9 W m-1 K-1 |
| Thermal Expansion | No data. |
| Electrical Properties |
|
| Electrical resistivity | 10+ Ω m |
| Electrical conductivity | No data. |
| Chemical Properties |
|
| Electrochemical Equivalent | 1.3228 g Ah-1 |
| Valence Electron Potential (-eV) | -7.96 |
| Ionization Potential | |
 First
|
12.967 |
| Second
|
23.81 |
| Third
|
39.611 |
| Incompatibilities | Reacts explosively or forms explosive compounds with many common substances such as acetylene (C2H2), ether, turpentine, ammonia (NH3), fuel gas, hydrogen and finely divided metals. |
| Flammability |
|
| Non-flammable gas (strong oxidizer)
|
| Optical Properties |
|
| Refractive Index (gas) | 1.000773 |
| Energy Levels |
|
| Kα1 (intensity 100) |
2.62239 KeV |
| Kα2 (intensity 0) |
2.62078 KeV |
| Kβ1 (intensity 8.9) |
2.8156 KeV |
| Lα1 (intensity 100) |
0.1827 KeV |
| Lγ3 (intensity 0) |
0.184 KeV |
| Ll (intensity 100) |
0.1827 KeV |
| Atomic Radii |
|
| Empirical
|
100 pm |
| Bohr Radius
|
79 pm |
| Covalent Radius
|
99 pm |
| Van der Waals
|
175 pm |
| Triple covalent
|
93 pm |
| Metallic
|
No data. |
| Ionic Radii (Å) |
||||
| Charge | Coordination | Crystal | Ionic | Key |
| -1 | VI | 1.67 | 1.81 | P |
| 5 | IIIPY | 0.26 | 0.12 | |
| 7 | IV | 0.22 | 0.08 | * |
| VI | 0.41 | 0.27 | A | |
| R, From r3 vs V plots. |
| C, Calculated from bond length - bond strength equations. |
| E, Estimated. |
| *, Most Reliable. |
| M, From Metallic Oxides. |
| A, Ahrens (1952) Ionic radius. |
| P, Pauling's (1960) Crystal Radius. |
| Oxidation States |
|
| Main
|
Cl-1, Cl+7 |
| Other
|
Cl+1, Cl+3, Cl+4, Cl+5, Cl+6 |
Ionisation Energies (kJ mol-1)  |
|
| M - M+ |
1251.1 |
| M+ - M2+ |
2297 |
| M2+ - M3+ |
3826 |
| M3+ - M4+ |
5158 |
| M4+ - M5+ |
6540 |
| M5+ - M6+ |
9362 |
| M6+ - M7+ |
11020 |
| M7+ - M8+ |
33610 |
| M8+ - M9+ |
38600 |
| M9+ - M10+ |
43960 |
| Covalent Bonds (kJ mol-1) |
|
| Cl-O
|
206 |
| Cl-Cl
|
242 |
| Cl-F
|
257 |
| Cl-H
|
431 |
| Vapour Pressure |
||||||
| P (Pa) | 1 | 10 | 100 | 1K | 10K | 100K |
| T (K) | 128 | 139 | 153 | 170 | 197 | 239 |
| Crystal Structure |
|
| Structure
|
Orthorhombic |
 |
a = 622.35 pm |
| b = 445.61 pm | |
| c = 817.85 pm | |
| α = 90° | |
| β = 90° | |
| γ = 90° | |